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Origins of Social Immobility and Inequality: Parenting and Early Child Development

John Ermisch

Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, ermij{at}essex.ac.uk

There is growing evidence that differences in children's intellectual, emotional and behavioural development by parents' socio-economic status emerge at early ages and that these differences cast a long shadow over subsequent achievements. This article demonstrates with the Millennium Cohort Study that differences by parents' income group in cognitive and behavioural development emerge by the child's third birthday. It shows that an important part of these differences can be accounted for by `what parents do' in terms of educational activities and parenting style.

Key Words: child development • social mobility • parental investment

National Institute Economic Review, Vol. 205, No. 1, 62-71 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/0027950108096589
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R. Hopkin, L. Stokes, and D. Wilkinson
Using Foundation Stage Profile Assessments To Assess Outcomes From Early Years Education
National Institute Economic Review, January 1, 2009; 207(1): 102 - 112.
[Abstract] [PDF]